The Moral Character Assessment
IRCC reviews your criminal history. They look at: felonies, misdemeanors, fraud, drug-related offenses, violence crimes. They also check if you're under investigation or prosecution.
What Disqualifies You
Automatic refusal: murder, treason, or crimes against humanity (in any country). Serious crimes: aggravated assault, sexual assault, drug trafficking (lifetime bar). Most other crimes: time-dependent (5-10 years since completion of sentence).
What Doesn't Disqualify You
Minor infractions: speeding tickets, single possession charge (in some provinces), small theft with restitution paid. These won't stop you. IRCC distinguishes between youthful mistakes and serious criminal behavior.
How to Handle It
Disclose everything on your application. Hiding it is worse than having it. If you have a criminal record: 1) Consult a citizenship lawyer, 2) Get a pardon if eligible (you can in Canada after enough time passes), 3) Then apply.